受限亚音速气流中倒置悬臂壁板静气弹稳定性的理论及实验研究

板壳结构在航空航天、高速列车、能量采集等诸多工程领域已经得到了广泛应用. 将悬臂壁板倒置于轴向气流中并在壁板周围流场中设置刚性壁面可有效地调控壁板的失稳速度, 是俘能器优化设计的重要措施之一. 但针对刚性壁面作用下亚音速气流中倒置悬臂壁板的失稳机制仍需要开展深入研究. 本文以受限亚音速气流中倒置的二维悬臂壁板为对象, 以理论分析及风洞实验为手段, 研究了单侧刚性壁面效应对倒置悬臂壁板静态失稳特性的影响规律. 在理论分析中, 首先应用镜像函数法来处理壁面约束条件, 基于算子理论研究获得了以Possio积分方程为表征的壁板气动力, 壁面效应实际表征为一包含移位Tricomi算子的复合算子; 然后将壁板失稳方程的求解问题转化为定区间上的函数逼近问题; 最后, 依据Wererstrass定理并利用最小二乘法求解该最优函数, 以获得系统的失稳临界参数. 在试验研究中依据压杆稳定原理设计了壁板静态失稳的测试方法并完成了风洞实验. 理论分析结果表明, 壁板会发生发散(静气动弹性)失稳, 临界动压随壁板与壁面间距的增加而增大并最终趋于稳定(无壁面情况); 通过理论与风洞实验结果的对比分析, 验证了本文气动力及理论分析的适用性及准确性. 针对倒置悬臂壁板结构的气动弹性失稳问题, 本文提出的方法不涉及系统方程的离散及特征值求解问题, 而是将其转化为了定区间上的函数逼近问题进行求解, 这为弹性结构静气动弹性失稳问题的研究提供了一个可行的新思路.      

澄清对相对论性原理和协变性的误解

近来有些文章断言,在一个惯性参考系里能量守恒的物理系统,在别的参考系看来能量也一定守恒.实际上这些作者混淆了物理方程式的协变性和相对性原理.本文将澄清这一误解.     

Synthesis,Electronic Properties and WOLED Devices of Planar Phosphorus‐Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

We describe the synthesis and the physical properties of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) containing a phosphorus atom at the edge. In particular, the impact of the successive addition of aromatic rings on the electronic properties was investigated by experimental (UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry) and theoretical studies (DFT). The physical properties recorded in solution and in the solid state showed that the P‐containing PAHs exhibit properties expected for an emitter in white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs).     

Thermodynamic parameters for the complexation of water‐insoluble betulin derivatives with (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐γ‐cyclodextrin determined by phase‐solubility technique combined with capillary zone electrophoresis

The complexation of betulinic and betulonic acids (BIA and BOA) (pentacyclic lupane triterpenoids) with (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐γ‐cyclodextrin (HP‐γ‐CD) was studied at different temperatures using the method combining phase‐solubility technique and CZE. In contrast to mobility shift ACE utilizing the electrophoretic mobility, in this approach, the peak areas are used. The apparent binding (stability, formation) constants are obtained by the Higuchi and Connors method from the linear segment of compound solubility diagrams in CD solutions. It was found that the apparent binding constants of the HP‐γ‐CD complexes of BIA and BOA decrease with increasing temperature. The binding constants of BOA complexes are slightly higher than those of BIA complexes; this can be explained by difference in the hydration degrees of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. On the basis of the binding constants obtained and their temperature dependences (van't Hoff plot), the enthalpy as well as entropy changes and Gibbs free energies were calculated. It was found that the complexation was characterized by negative changes of enthalpy and entropy, that is, it was controlled by enthalpy changes. The results obtained can be used for the optimization of microcapsulation processes of BOA and BIA with the HP‐γ‐CD application in order to increase solubility and bioavailability of these compounds.     

The spin-isospin decomposition of the nuclear symmetry energy from low to high density

The energy per particle BA in nuclear matter is calculated up to high baryon density in the whole isospin asymmetry range from symmetric matter to pure neutron matter.The results,obtained in the framework of the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approximation with two-and three-body forces,confirm the well-known parabolic dependence on the asymmetry parameterβ=(N?Z)/A(β^2 law)that is valid in a wide density range.To investigate the extent to which this behavior can be traced back to the properties of the underlying interaction,aside from the mean field approximation,the spin-isospin decomposition of BA is performed.Theoretical indications suggest that theβ^2 law could be violated at higher densities as a consequence of the three-body forces.This raises the problem that the symmetry energy,calculated according to theβ^2 law as a difference between BA in pure neutron matter and symmetric nuclear matter,cannot be applied to neutron stars.One should return to the proper definition of the nuclear symmetry energy as a response of the nuclear system to small isospin imbalance from the Z=N nuclei and pure neutron matter.     

NO分子宏观气体热力学性质的理论研究

采用量子统计系综理论,研究了基态NO分子宏观气体摩尔熵、摩尔内能、摩尔热容等热力学性质.首先应用课题组前期建立的变分代数法(variational algebraic method, VAM)计算获得了基态NO分子的完全振动能级,得到的VAM振动能级作为振动部分,结合欧拉-麦克劳林渐进展开公式的转动贡献,应用于经典的热力学与统计物理公式中,从而计算得到了1000-5000 K温度范围内NO宏观气体的摩尔内能、摩尔熵和摩尔热容.将不同方法计算得到的摩尔热容结果分别与实验值进行比较,结果表明基于VAM完全振动能级获得的结果优于其他方法获得的理论结果.振动部分采用谐振子模型对无限能级求和计算热力学性质的方法有一定的局限性,应当使用有限的完全振动能级进行统计求和.     

三维位势问题的梯度边界积分方程的新解法

三维位势问题的边界元分析中,关于坐标变量的边界位势梯度的计算是一个困难的问题. 已有一些方法着手解决这个问题,然而,这些方法需要复杂的理论推导和大量的数值计算. 本文提出求解一般边界位势梯度边界积分方程的辅助边值问题法. 该方法构造了与原边界值问题具有相同解域的辅助边值问题,该辅助边值问题具有已知解,因此通过求解此辅助边值问题,可获得梯度边界积分方程对应的系统矩阵,然后将此系统矩阵应用于求解原边值问题,求解过程非常简单,只需求解一个线性系统即可获得原边值问题的解. 值得注意的是,在求解原边值问题时,不再需要重新计算系统矩阵,因此辅助边值问题法的效率并不很差. 辅助边值问题法避免了强奇异积分的计算,具有数学理论简单、程序设计容易、计算精度高等优点,为坐标变量梯度边界积分方程的求解提供了一个新的途径. 3个标准的数值算例验证了方法的有效性.      

Path integral quantization corresponding to the deformed Heisenberg algebra

In this paper, the deformation of the Heisenberg algebra, consistent with both the generalized uncertainty principle and doubly special relativity, has been analyzed. It has been observed that, though this algebra can give rise to fractional derivative terms in the corresponding quantum mechanical Hamiltonian, a formal meaning can be given to them by using the theory of harmonic extensions of function. Depending on this argument, the expression of the propagator of the path integral corresponding to the deformed Heisenberg algebra, has been obtained. In particular, the consistent expression of the one dimensional free particle propagator has been evaluated explicitly. With this propagator in hand, it has been shown that, even in free particle case, normal generalized uncertainty principle and doubly special relativity show very much different result.     

Influence of Polarity and Activation Energy in Microwave–Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS)

The aim of this work was to determine the parameters that have decisive roles in microwave-assisted reactions and to develop a model, using computational chemistry, to predict a priori the type of reactions that can be improved under microwaves. For this purpose, a computational study was carried out on a variety of reactions, which have been reported to be improved under microwave irradiation. This comprises six types of reactions. The outcomes obtained in this study indicate that the most influential parameters are activation energy, enthalpy, and the polarity of all the species that participate. In addition to this, in most cases, slower reacting systems observe a much greater improvement under microwave irradiation. Furthermore, for these reactions, the presence of a polar component in the reaction (solvent, reagent, susceptor, etc.) is necessary for strong coupling with the electromagnetic radiation. We also quantified that an activation energy of 20–30 kcal mol⁻¹ and a polarity (μ) between 7–20 D of the species involved in the process is required to obtain significant improvements under microwave irradiation.     

A paper-based resonance energy transfer nucleic acid hybridization assay using upconversion nanoparticles as donors and quantum dots as acceptors

Monodisperse aqueous upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) were covalently immobilized on aldehyde modified cellulose paper via reduction amination to develop a luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET)-based nucleic acid hybridization assay. This first account of covalent immobilization of UCNPs on paper for a bioassay reports an optically responsive method that is sensitive, reproducible and robust. The immobilized UCNPs were decorated with oligonucleotide probes to capture HPRT1 housekeeping gene fragments, which in turn brought reporter conjugated quantum dots (QDs) in close proximity to the UCNPs for LRET. This sandwich assay could detect unlabeled oligonucleotide target, and had a limit of detection of 13 fmol and a dynamic range spanning nearly 3 orders of magnitude. The use of QDs, which are excellent LRET acceptors, demonstrated improved sensitivity, limit of detection, dynamic range and selectivity compared to similar assays that have used molecular fluorophores as acceptors. The selectivity of the assay was attributed to the decoration of the QDs with polyethylene glycol to eliminate non-specific adsorption. The kinetics of hybridization were determined to be diffusion limited and full signal development occurred within 3 min.